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NORTH  AMERICAN  POMOLOGIST, 


CONTAINING  NUMEROUS 


FINELY    COLORED    DRAWINGS, 


ACCOMPANIED  BY  LETTER  PRESS  DESCRIPTIONS,  &c., 


OF 


FRUITS  OF  A-MERIO^IST 


EDITED     BY 

WILLIAM  D.   BRINCKLE,  A.  M.—  M.  D., 

Member  Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society;  Corresponding  Member  Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society;  Honorary 

and  Corresponding  Member  New  Haven  County  Horticultural  Society,  Buffalo  and  Southern  Iowa 

Horticultural  Societies;  Honorary  Member  Wilmington  Horticultural  Society,  &c.,  &c 

PREPARED    AND    PUBLISHED    BY    A.    HOFFY, 

No.  1534  VINE  STREET,  PHILADELPHIA,  1860. 


lift  § 


BOOK  No.  I. 


ENTERED  ACCORDING  TO  ACT  OF  CONGRESS,  IN  THE  YEAR  I860, 

BY 

J.  RIDGWAY  SHREVE,  H.  D., 
IN  THE  CLERK'S  OFFICE  OP  THE  DISTRICT  COURT  OF  THE  EASTERN  DISTRICT  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 


J.  B   CHANDLER,  PRINTER, 
306  &  308  Chestnut  Street. 


NORTH  AMERICAN  POMOLOGIST. 


EDITOR'S   PREFACE. 


The  repeated  disappointments  which  have  attended  the  cultivation  of  Foreign  Fruits  in  this 
country,  render  it  daily  more  manifest  that  our  chief  reliance  must  be  placed  on  those  of  native  origin. 
Though  many  of  the  trans-atlantic  varieties  possess  undoubted  merit,  and  richly  deserve  all  the  praise 
bestowed  on  them,  a  still  greater  number  are  of  inferior  quality,  at  least  when  fruited  in  this  country — 
and  of  those  that  are  of  a  high  order  of  excellence,  some  are  shy  bearers,  and  others  are  constitutionally 
too  tender  to  withstand  the  great  and  sudden  vicissitudes  of  our  variable  climate. 

The  design  of  the  present  work  is  to  direct  the  attention  of  Horticulturists  more  prominently  to 
our  native  fruits,  and  to  give  such  a  pomologieal  description  and  colored  drawing  of  them,  as  that  they 
may  be  readily  identified.  Nothwithstanding  some  of  our  indigenous  kinds  have  been  long  known,  and 
quite  extensively  cultivated  in  some  parts  of  our  country,  yet,  they  will  be  introduced  into  the  work, 
not  only  to  place  them  on  record,  but  to  enable  the  Poniologist,  who  may  not  be  familiar  with  them,  to 
discriminate  the  genuine  from  the  spurious. 

Many  of  our  native  fruits  possess  great  excellence,  and  not  a  few  of  them  will  successfully  compete 
with  the  most  celebrated  kinds  from  the  eastern  hemisphere.  Among  these  we  may  mention  the 
Seckel,  Dix,  Pratt  and  Columbia  Pears.  The  Newtown  Pippin,  Fall  Pippin,  Rhode  Island  Greening, 
.tEsopus  Spitzenberg  and  Northern  Spy  Apples.  The  Heath  Cling,  Druid  Hill,  Crawford's  Late  and 
Susquehanna  Peaches.  Lawrence's  Favorite,  Washington,  Columbia  and  Jefferson  Plums.  Wendell's 
Mottled  Bigarreau,  Downer's  Late,  Coe's  Transparent,  and  Dr.  Kirtland's  New  Cherries,  &c.,  &c. 

Most  of  our  domestic  fruits  are  accidental  seedlings — valuable  varieties  have  also  been  obtained  by 
planting  the  seed  of  the  best  known  kinds.  But  when  artificial  fertilization  during  implanescence  is 
resorted  to,  and  the  parents  selected  with  judgment,  a  successful  result  is  just  as  certain  as  that 
attending  the  similar  course  pursued  in  raising  fine  animals. 

In  conclusion,  the  Editor  will  embrace  this  opportunity  to  state  that  he  is  in  no  way  connected 
with  the  profits  and  emoluments  of  the  present  undertaking.  Having  known  Mr.  Huffy  for  many 
years,  and  believing  him  to  be  a  worthy  man,  as  well  as  an  accomplished  artist,  the  undersigned  desires 
most  cordially  to  promote  the  enterprise,  and  with  this  view,  his  editorial  services  are  rendered  without 
any  remuneration  whatever.  The  propriety  of  addressing  directly  to  the  publisher,  all  communications 
in  relation  to  the  work,  will  therefore  be  apparent. 

W.  D.  BRINCKLE,  M.  D. 

PHILADELPHIA,  MAY,  1860. 


COHSTTEIN'TS 


isr  o  IR,  T  IH:  .A. 


OP   THE 

:R,  i  o  .A.  isr 

BOOK  No.  1. 


CHELTENHAM 
CLYDE  BEAUTY 
JEFFERIS 
NORTHERN  SPY 
NORTHERN  SWEET 
REPUBLICAN  PIPPIN 
SMOKE  HOUSE 

BURLINGTON  APRICOT 
WILMINGTON  CHESTNUT 
WENDELL'S  MOTTLED  BIGARREAU 
DIANA  GRAPE 


ELIZA 
GORGAS 
JANE 
PENELOPE 


BLOODGOOD 

BRANDYWINE 

CHANCELLOR 

COLUMBIA 

DIX 

FREDERIKA  BREMER 

HEATHCOT 

HOWEL 

LAWRENCE 

MOYAMENSING 

OTT 

PENNSYLVANIA 

PETRE 

SECKEL 

SHELDON 

STYER 


CLEAVINGER 
GENERAL  HAND 


CUSHING 
ORANGE 
COL.  WILDER 


BY  A.  HOFFY. 


Having  again  entered  the  arena  of  Horticulture,  I  would  respectfully  solicit  your  attention  to  a 
few  preliminary  remarks  connected  with  the  merits  and  properties,  etc.,  of  the  North  American  Pomo- 
logist. 

I  will  first  dwell  upon  its  most  important  feature, — the  editorial  by  Dr.  W.  D.  Brinckle,  and  thereby 
dispel  at  once  all  doubt  as  to  its  reliability.  His  long  experience  and  scientific  and  practical  knowledge 
of  Pomology,  particularly  as  regards  our  Native  Fruits,  together  with  his  uninterested  zeal  and  unceas- 
ing researches,  must  alone  prove  his  desire  to  have  been  that  of  a  general  good  to  the  commonweal, 
exclusive  of  a  love  for  the  science  and  kindly  feeling  in  my  behalf  to  promote  the  present  enterprise, 
by  most  generously  giving  his  editorial  services  without  remuneration. 

After  a  friendly  intercourse  of  many  years  with  this  estimable  gentleman,  during  which  period  I 
devoted  much  of  my  time,  under  his  immediate  supervision,  to  painting  and  figuring  Fruits,  etc.,  from 
nature,  including  many  of  our  best  native  varieties,  I  hope  my  present  efforts  will  prove  the  more 
acceptable  from  the  additional  experience  I  must  naturally  have  attained  through  this  probation. 

As  far  back  as  the  year  1840,  I  first  took  an  active  interest  in  Horticulture,  by  publishing  a  work 
entitled  the  "  Orchardist's  Companion,"  the  first  American  work  of  this  kind  that  had  yet  appeared,  so 
far  as  I  could  possibly  trace,  and  I  had  the  satisfaction  afterwards  of  being  informed  by  many,  that 
it  had  added  much  to  the  interest  already  prevailing  in  this  useful  and  profitable  branch  of  our  internal 
resources.  Having  laid  a  copy  before  the  Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society,  I  make  the  following 
extracts  from  their  printed  transactions. 

PENNSYLVANIA  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY'S  HALL, 

February  16^,  1841. 

On  motion,  it  was  ordered,  That  the  Society  subscribe  for  the  work,  and  the  same  be  referred  to  a 
Committee  of  three,  to  report  thereon,  with  a  view  to  promote  the  objects  of  the  Editor,  and  further 
the  progress  of  Horticulture. 

PENNSYLVANIA  HORTICULTURAL  SOCIETY'S  HALL, 

IGlh  March,  1841. 

The  Committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  consideration  of  the  "  Orchardist's  Companion,"  under- 
taken in  this  City  by  A.  Hoffy,  Esq. :  Report,  That  upon  a  careful  examination  of  this  work,  they  are 
of  opinion  that  it  is  calculated  to  have  a  beneficial  tendency,  and  ought  to  meet  with  the  cordial  support 
of  the  friends  of  Horticulture.  The  work  will  be  a  becoming  ornament  to  any  Library. 

Resolved,  That  the  work  be  recommended  to  the  patronage  of  the  members  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Horticultural  Society. 

Respectfully  submitted,  &c  , 

Which  report  received  the  concurrence  of  the  Society. 


VI  INTRODUCTION. 


FAIR  OF  THE  AMERICAN  INSTITUTE, 

New  York,  Oct.  23rd,  1841. 

A.  Hoffy,  Esq. — My  dear  Sir — I  am  happy  to  inform  you  that  the  "  Orchardist's  Companion"  has 
been  awarded  a  Silver  Medal,  and  also  recommended  to  special  notice,  which  will  be  made  public,  &c. 

Very  respectfully  yours, 

T.  DIJNLAP. 

I  will  here  make  an  extract  or  two,  from  the  numerous  encomiums  of  the  press,  which  appeared  at 
the  time,  deeming  them  appropriate  to  this  occasion. 

"  The  '  Orchardist's  Companion,'  we  have  examined  with  careful  interest — we  conceive  that  a 
publication  of  this  kind  is  greatly  needed,  and  that  the  extension  of  it  is  the  best  possible  means  of 
promoting  the  culture  of  fine  fruits,  and  insuring  success  to  the  labor  bestowed.  The  publisher  is  Mr. 
A.  Hoffy,  who  edits  the  work,  &c." — National  Gazette. 

"The  '  Orchardist's  Companion.' — This  beautiful  and  valuable  work  has  just  appeared,  and  is 
embellished  with  some  of  the  most  superb  colored  engravings  of  fruits  we  have  ever  seen — no  work  of 
the  kind  has  ever  appeared  in  this  Country,  and  from  the  ability  shown  in  the  editorial  management  and 
the  superior  character  of  the  plates,  it  cannot  fail,  we  think,  of  creating  no  ordinary  sensation.  The 
whole  work  is  got  up  in  a  very  superior  manner,  and  apart  from  its  utility  as  a  work  of  reference,  it  is  a 
most  beautiful  ornament  for  the  centre-table." — Saturday  Chronicle. 

It  was  now  suggested  to  me  by  Dr.  Brinckle,  to  publish  a  Pomological  work  solely  on  our  Native 
Fruits,  in  which  new  enterprise  I  gladly  embarked,  after  he  had  in  the  first  instance  kindly  consented 
to  give  me  his  editorial  services,  provided  I  received  them  gratuitously,  and  we  gave  it  the  title  of  the 
"  American  Pomologist."  Unfortunately  the  whole  edition  of  this  valuable  work  was  subsequently 
consumed,  uninsured,  in  the  conflagration  of  the  Artisan  Building,  in  Ranstead  Place. 

All  the  Fruits  figured  in  the  North  American  Pomologist,  are  from  choice  and  well  cultivated  spe- 
cimens of  full  growth  and  luxuriance,  showing  to  what  perfection  they  can  be  brought  when  the  trees 
are  raised  with  proper  care  and  attention. 

The  North  American  Pomologist,  not  being  a  local  work,  nor  connected  with  any  Horticultural  or 
Pomological  Society,  Establishment,  or  Association,  contributions  of  native  or  seedling  fruits,  their 
histories,  properties,  descriptions,  &c.,  are  respectfully  solicited,  and  for  which  due  credit  will  always 
be  given  in  the  work  to  each  contributor. 

Dr.  J.  R.  Shreve  having,  from  pure  zeal  in  the  cause,  connected  himself  with  this  work,  it  is  par- 
ticularly requested  that  all  communications  in  relation  thereto  be  addressed  to  him  or  to  me. 

The  North  American  Pomologist  will  be  published  from  time  to  time  in  books,  neatly  bound  in 
muslin,  each  to  contain  thirty-six  distinct  pages  of  different  Native  Fruits,  with  full  letter  press  descrip- 
tions, histories,  &c.,  accompanying. 

Each  book  will  be  complete  in  itself  and  independent  of  the  other,  so  that  purchasers  will  be  en- 
abled to  suit  their  own  views  and  tastes,  without  the  necessity  of  going  beyond  the  purchase  of  one 
book,  when  not  deemed  expedient — not  more  than  three  will  be  published  in  the  whole,  unless  a  fourth 
should  afterwards  be  called  for. 

Respectfully, 

A.  HOFFY. 

PHILADELPHIA,  May,  1860. 


-r 


Fr  om.Yr3t,\rr  e  .by  A  £Lof fy. 


FEME  WAI 


TETEE. 

Size — Full  medium. 

Form — Obovate. 

Skin — Pale  yellow,  with  sometimes  russet  patches, 

Stem — About  an  inch  long,  rather  stout,  inserted  in  depression  usually  flattened. 

Calyx — Small,  set  in  a  narrow  basin. 

Flesh — Whiteish,  of  fine  texture  and  buttery  consistence. 

Flavor — Rich  and  perfumed. 

Maturity — September. 

Wood — Yellowish  brown,  older  wood  olive  brown,  shoots  slender. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

This  fine  Autumn  Pear,  originated  from  a  seed  of  the  White  Doyenne  from 
London,  to  the  elder  John  Bartram,  by  Lady  Petre,  in  1735.  The  original  tree, 
now  about  125  years  old,  is  yet  standing  at  the  Bartram  Garden,  near  the  south- 
east corner  of  the  old  mansion.  This  variety  is  of  rather  slow  growth,  but  bears 
most  abundantly  and  uniformly  a  crop  of  fine  fruit.  Several  of  the  Seedlings 
raised  by  Bartram  from  the  Petre,  still  remain  on  the  premises;  the  Chapman, 
however,  is  the  only  one  that  possesses  any  merit. 


NORTH    AMERICAN    POMOLOGIST 


S-oirLNature  iyAHof  fy 


SWEET 


NORTHERN   SWEET. 


Synonyms — Golden  Sweet,  Northern  Golden  Sweeting. 

Site  of  Fruit-Above  medium.  {  Longitudinal  diameter,  2i  to  25  inches. 

(.  Transverse  diameter,  3  to  3i  inches. 

Form — Roundish  or  truncate,  ovate,  sometimes  obscurely  ribbed. 
Skin — Fair,  smooth,  golden  yellow,  with  sometimes  a  crimson  cheek. 
Stem — \  inch  long  by  TO  thick,  usually  curved,  inserted  into  a  moderately  wide 

cavity,  which  terminates  somewhat  abruptly. 
Calyx — Small,  closed,  set  in  a  rather  deep  open  plaited  basin. 
Core — Below  medium. 

Seed — Light  chestnut,  f  inch  long,  fg  wide,  4  thick. 
Flesh — Whitish,  fine,  tender,  crisp,  juicy. 
Flavor — Saccharine,  with  an  agreeable  aroma. 
Quality — "  Very  good." 
Maturity — October  and  November. 
Growth — Moderate,  branches  drooping. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Northern  Sweet  is  believed  to  be  a  native  of  Vermont.  It  was  brought 
into  notice  by  Mr.  Jonathan  Battey,  of  Keeseville,  Clinton  County,  New  York. 
He  gives  in  the  Fourth  Volume  of  the  Horticulturist,  the  following  history  of 
this  variety: — "Some  50  or  60  years  ago,  Nathan  Lockwood,  of  Westchester 
County,  New  York,  on  his  removal  to  St.  George,  Chittenden  County,  Vermont, 
took  with  him,  as  usual  in  such  cases,  seeds  from  which  he  raised  trees  and 
planted  an  orchard.  In  this  orchard  stood  the  tree,  from  which  all  others  of  this 
variety,  so  far  as  my  knowledge  extends,  have  been  derived."  Mr.  Battey 
exhibited  specimens  of  this  Apple  at  the  meeting  of  the  Congress  of  Fruit 
Growers  in  1849,  which  were  favorably  noticed  in  the  Report  of  the  Native 
Fruit  Committee.  The  Northern  Sweet  comes  early  into  bearing,  and  is  said 
to  be  very  productive.  It  is  cultivated  to  a  considerable  extent  in  the  valley 
of  Lake  Champlain,  and  has  recently  been  widely  disseminated  by  Mr.  Battey. 


NORTH     AMERICAN    POMPOLOGIST 


"From  Nature  ty  A.Hoffy: 


CHANCELLOR. 


Synonyms — Green's  Germantown — Early  St.  Germain. 

Size — Large,  3i  to  4  inches  long  by  21  to  3  broad. 

Form — Long,  obovate,  inclining  to  pyriform. 

Skin — Dull  green,  rough  with  numerous  green  and  russet  dots,  some  russet  mar- 
kings and  occasionally  a  faint  speckled,  warm  brownish  cheek. 

Stem — I  to  1  inch  long  by  73g  thick,  inserted  sometimes  by  a  fleshy  termination 
into  a  small  irregular  cavity,  usually  elevated  on  one  side. 

Calyx — Small,  open,  set  in  a  plaited  shallow  basin. 

Core — Medium. 

Seed — |  of  an  inch  long,  \  wide  and  ?  thick,  of  a  yellowish  brown  color,  acumi- 
nate, full  at  the  obtuse  end,  on  one  side  of  which  is  a  small  angular  pro- 
jection. 

Flesh — Fine  texture,  buttery. 

Flavor — Rich  and  exceedingly  agreeable,  some  may  consider  it  saccharine,  which 
in  our  opinion  should  never  be  viewed  as  an  objectionable  feature,  since  the 
saccharine  quality  is  the  first  to  show  its  deficiency  in  defective  soils,  un- 
propitious  seasons  or  under  poor  cultivation. 

Quality—"  Very  good"  if  not  "  best." 

Maturity — Last  of  September  and  October.  It  keeps  well  and  ripens  handsomely 
without  decaying  at  the  core. 

Leaf- — Lanceolate. 

Wood — Young  shoots  yellowish  brown,  slender. 

Growth — Rather  spreading. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

This  truly  delicious  pear,  probably  a  natural  cross  between  the  white  Doyenne 
and  St.  Germain,  originated  at  the  country  residence  of  Wharton  Chancellor,  Esq., 
on  School  House  Lane,  Germantown.  The  original  tree  still  stands  on  his  pre- 
mises, within  an  enclosure  of  ever-greens,  and  is  probably  more  than  sixty  years 
old. 

Specimens  of  the  fruit  from  a  grafted  tree  in  the  garden  of  Mr.  Joseph  Green, 
of  Germantown,  were  for  the  first  time  exhibited  at  the  Annual  Fair  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Horticultural  Society,  in  September,  1848 ;  and  to  this  variety  was 
awarded  the  premium  offered  by  the  Society  for  the  best  seedling  pear  exhibited 
in  1849. 

The  first  description  of  the  Chancellor  was  published  in  the  Horticulturist, 
vol.  3,  page  567.  This  variety  succeeds  well  on  the  quince. 


iQBTH    AMERICAN  POMOLOC    : 


-    ^-~     .-".'--      -~ 


;~. .  __ 


CLYDE   BEAUTY. 


Synonyms — Mackie's  Clyde  Beauty. 

C  Longitudinal  diameter,  2i  to  31  inches. 
Size  of  Fruit —  •< 

(Transverse  diameter,  24  to  3i  inches. 

Form — Conical,  sometimes  ribbed. 

Skin — Striped  and  mottled  with  red  on  a  yellow  ground. 

Stalk — Very  short,  \  inch  long,  1-7  thick,  occasionally  a  fleshy  excrescence  on  one 

side,  inserted  into  a  deep,  rather  wide  furrowed  cavity. 
Calyx — Small,  closed,  set  in  a  moderately  deep  angular  basin. 
Cone — Large,  hollow. 

Seed — Small,  brown,  3  inch  long,  i3g  wide,  J  thick. 
Flesh — Fine  texture,  tender,  juicy. 
Flavor — Pleasant,  sprightly,  sub-acid. 
Quality — "  Very  good."  * 
Maturity — October  to  December. 

Leaf — 2§  inches  wide,  6  long,  including  petiole,  which  is  li  inches  long,  ~h  thick. 
Wood — Young  shoots,  reddish  brown,  old,  grey. 
Growth — Vigorous,  forming  a  fine  spreading  head. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Clyde  Beauty  is  a  native  of  New  York.  It  was  brought  into  notice  by 
Mr.  Matthieu  Mackie,  of  Clyde,  Mayne  County,  where  it  originated  on  the 
premises  of  his  father. 


*  In  compliance  with  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  A.  J.  Downing  and  others,  the  quality  of  the  fruits 
described  in  this  work  will  hereafter  be  more  definitely  expressed,  by  adopting  the  grades  of  merit 
recommended  by  the  National  Congress  of  Fruit  Growers.  These  grades  are  "good,"  "very  good," 
"best." 


NORTH    AMERICAN    P'OMOLOGIST 


FT  omUature  iry  ARc  £f j. 


SHELLOX. 


Synonyms — Bland,  Huron,  Mayne.  Misner. 

Size — Large,  21  to  3  inches  long,  by  3  to  3i  wide,  sometimes  weighing  16  ounces. 

/V/Tj — Usually  roundish-obovate,  sometimes  obovate  inclining  to  pyriform,  occa- 
sionally truncate. 

Skin — Green  russet,  becoming  yellow  russet,  sometimes  only  faintly  russeted,  and 
very  rarely  a  brownish  red  cheek. 

Stem — Somewhat  variable  in  size,  usually  I  of  an  inch  by  T**,  often  \  by  1,  occa- 
sionally 1  by  i,  inserted  sometimes  obliquely  in  a  narrow,  superficial  and 
occasionally  in  a  rather  deep  cavity. 

Calyx — Small,  segments  deeply  cut.  usually  open,  sometimes  closed,  often  partially 
reflexed,  set  in  a  basin  rather  variable,  usually  shallow  and  narrow,  some- 
times wider  and  deeper. 

Core — Medium. 

— Brown,  small,  f5*  of  an  inch  long,  nearly  i*g  wide,  i  thick. 

Flesh — Yellowish  white,  butters*,  melting,  abounding  in  juice,  texture  granular 
with  grittiness  round  the  core  and  extending  to  the  stem  and  calyx. 

Fl .  cor — Rich,  perfumed,  with  some  resemblance  to  that  of  the  Brown  Beurre  and 
Lodiie. 

Qiuility — "  Very  good." 

Period  of  Maturity — October. 

L-  IT- — 21  inches  long  by  14  wide,  exclusive  of  petiole  which  is  II  by  y«. 

Wood — Young  shoots  yellowish  brown,  old  wood  greyish  brown. 

Growth — Upright. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Sheldon  Pear  is  a  native  of  Wayne  County.  New  York.  The  original 
tree  stands  in  the  town  of  Huron,  on  the  premises  of  Major  Sheldon,  and  sprung 
from  seed  planted  by  his  father  nearly  forty  years  ago.  Two  other  trees  in  the 
vicinity,  one  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  Norman  Sheldon,  and  the  other  on  that  of  Mr. 
Wisner.  are  also  said  to  be  seedlings,  bearing  fruit  very  similar  to  the  Sheldon. 
They  have  been  carefully  examined  by  competent  pomologists,  who  assure  us  that 
they  present  no  appearance  of  ever  having  been  grafted  or  budded — and  yet  no 
one  who  has  seen  the  fruit  from  these  three  trees  can  for  a  moment  entertain  a 
doubt  as  to  their  perfect  and  entire  identity.  The  only  way  of  reconciling  the 
conflicting  tacts  and  statements  of  tLe  case,  is  to  adopt  the  more  than  probable 
conclusion  that  two  of  them  are  unmarked  suckers  from  the  remaining  one.  Such 
I  have  been  credibly  informed,  is  now  the  conviction  of  Major  Sheldon. 

A  description  of  this  variety  was  published  in  Hovt  -  \zine  of  Horti- 

culture for  June.  1S51.  and  in  the  Horticulturist  for  January.  lS-3o. 


ST 


BURLINGTON   APRICOT. 


Size — Medium  to  large. 

Form — Oblong,  somewhat  compressed  at  the  sides  with  distinct  suture. 

Skin — Golden  yellow,  with  numerous  red  spots  and  a  ruddy  tint  on  the  side  ex- 
posed to  the  sun. 

Flesh — Yellowish. 

Stone — Yellow,  moderately  rough,  perforated ;  in  five  stones  out  of  twenty  the  per- 
foration was  entirely  laid  open,  forming  a  furrow. 

Flavor — Fine. 

Maturity — From  the  middle  of  July  to  the  beginning  of  August. 

Blossom — Large . 

Leaf — Large,  broadly  heart-shaped,  terminating  abruptly  in  a  point  and  slightly 
serrated. 

Wood — Eeddish,  old  bark  rough. 

Tree — A  vigorous  grower. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Burlington  Apricot  originated  from  a  seed  of  the  Peach  Apricot,  planted 
by  Mrs.  Sarah  Woolman,  in  1838.  In  the  Spring  of  1842,  the  tree  was  removed 
to  its  present  locality  on  the  premises  of  her  son,  Mr.  John  J.  Woolman,  opposite 
the  Lyceum,  on  the  east  side  of  Main  Street,  in  Burlington.  It  stands  on  the 
south  side  of  a  brick  house  exposed  to  the  east  and  west  winds.  The  soil  is  a 
poor  gravel  thrown  out  in  digging  the  cellar  of  the  mansion. 

The  tree  fruited  for  the  first  time  in  1843,  and  in  1848  the  fruit  was  exhi- 
bited before  the  Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society. 

For  the  history  of  this  fine  Apricot,  I  am  indebted  to  the  kindness  and  atten- 
tion of  David  Landreth,  Esq.,  of  this  city,  and  Samuel  R.  Wetherill,  of  Bur- 
lington. 


NORTH     AMERICAN  .POMOLOG  ST 


From  Nature  by  A.Hoffy 


1WME  I 


BRANDYWINE   PEAR. 


Size — Medium,  21  inches  long  by  2  in  width. 
Form — Pyriform,  much  flattened  at  the  base. 
Skin — Yellowish  Green,  nearly  covered  with  russet  dots  and  blotches,  especially 

around  the  eye. 
Stem — One  inch  long,  medium  thickness,  somewhat  fleshy  at-  its  insertion,  without 

depression. 

Calyx — Of  Medium  size,  open,  set  in  a  wide  shallow  basin. 
Core — Rather  small. 
Seed — Dark  brown. 
Flesh — White,  melting. 
Flavor — Rich,   resembling  in  Mr.  Downing's  opinion,  that  of  the  white  Doyenne 

and  Marie  Louise,  combined. 
Maturity — Middle  of  August. 
Leaf- — Rather  long,  slender,  serrate. 
Wood — Yellowish  olive,  interspersed  with  white  dots. 
Tree — A  free  grower — a  regular  abundant  bearer. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

Dr.  Ellwood  Harvey,  of  Chaddsford,  gives  in  the  3d  Vol.  Horticulturist,  the 
following  history  of  this  fine  new  Pennsylvania  Pear. 

"  The  original  Tree  was  found  near  a  fence  in  a  field  on  my  father's  farm, 
(the  late  Eli  Harvey.)  It  was  transplanted  when  quite  small,  to  a  garden  on  the 
property  of  George  Brinton,  then  owned  by  his  grandfather,  Caleb  Brinton.  This 
garden  on  the  banks  of  the  Brandywine  River,  is  a  part  of  the  ground  on  which 
the  American  Army  stood  in  the  defence  of  our  Country  in  the  Battle  of  Brandy- 
wine  ;  and  I  therefore  respectfully  suggest  the  above  name  as  an  appropriate  one 
for  the  fruit.  The  tree  began  to  bear  fruit  about  the  year  1820,  and  in  1835  the 
original  trunk  blew  down  near  the  surface  of  the  ground.  The  present  tree  is  a 
sucker  or  shoot,  which  sprang  up  from  the  root,  and  has  now  been  in  bearing  four 
or  five  years." 

I  saw  this  Pear  for  the  first  time  in  the  Summer  of  1848.  It  and  another 
variety  were  sent  to  me  from  Westchester  before  a  description  of  it  was  published 
in  the  Horticulturist,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  my  opinion  of  their  merits.  I 
unhesitatingly  pronounced  the  Brandywine  to  be  greatly  superior  to  the  other, 
and  to  be  a  fruit  of  the  first  quality. 


NORTH    AMERICAN    POMPOLOGIST 


44 


' 


From  Nature  ly  AHoffy 


1MNA 


DIANA. 


Synonyms — None. 

Bunch — 41  inches  long,  3  wide;  rarely  shouldered;  compactly  set. 

Berry — Size,  rather  smaller  than  the  Catawba,  from  %  inch  to  \l  in  diameter. 

Form — Round. 

/Skin — Pale  red. 

Seed — £  inch  long,  T3g  wide,  4  thick,  light  greyish  cinnamon. 

Flesh — Less  pulpy  and  more  juicy  than  the  Catawba. 

Flavor — Somewhat  similar  to  the  Catawba,  but  more  delicate,  and  more  saccharine, 

Quality—"  Best." 

Maturity — A  week  or  ten  days  earlier  than  the  Catawba. 

Leaf — Very  similar  to  that  of  the  Catawba. 

Wood — Light  brown. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Diana  Grape  originated  with  Mrs.  Diana  Crehove,  of  Milton  Hill,  near 
Boston,  Mass. ;  from  seed  of  the  Catawba,  planted  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century 
ago.  It  fruited  in  1838  for  the  first  time,  and  in  1844  the  attention  of  Pomolo- 
gists  was  particularly  directed  to  it  by  Mr.  Hovey,  in  his  Magazine  of  Horticul- 
ture. Independently  of  its  intrinsic  excellence,  its  early  maturity  peculiarly 
adapts  it  to  the  climate  of  the  Northern  and  Eastern  States,  where  the  Isabella 
and  Catawba  seldom  come  to  perfection,  and  further  south,  it  is  even  better  than 
at  the  North. 


NORTH    AMERICAN    POMOLOGlST 


IroTnlTacure 


EKDWELL 


HOWELL. 


Synonyms — None. 

(  Longitudinal  diameter,  3  to  3  £  inches. 
Size  of  Fruit—) 

(Transverse  diameter,  21  to  3i  inches. 

Form — Roundish,  pyriform. 

Skin — Yellow,  many  small  russet  dots  and  a  few  russet  markings  on  the  shaded 

side,  often  a  faint  blush  on  the  side  exposed  to  the  sun,  cavity  russetted. 
Stem — 1  inch  long,  T3g  thick,  curved  a  little  fleshy  at  its  insertion,  which  is  oblique. 
Calyx — Small,  open,  segments  erect,  set  in  a  shallow,  somewhat  plaited  basin. 
Core — Medium . 

Seed — Dark,  I  of  an  inch  long,  T3s  wide,  I  thick. 
Flesh — Texture  rather  coarse,  melting,  juicy. 

Flavor — Rich,  sprightly,  with  a  pleasant  aroma. 
Quality — "  Very  good." 

Maturity — Last  of  September  and  October. 

Leaf- — If  inches  wide,  4i  long,  inclusive  of  petiole,  which  is  li  inches  long,  and 

A  thick. 

Wood — Young  shoots,  olive. 
Growth — Vigorous. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Howell  is  a  native  of  Connecticut.  It  originated  at  New  Haven,  from 
seed  planted  by  the  late  Mr.  Thomas  Howell  in  his  garden,  adjoining  that  of  the 
late  Governor  Edwards. 

The  value  of  this  fine  Pear  is  greatly  increased  by  its  large  size,  and  attrac- 
tive exterior. 


NORTH    AMERICAN -POMPOLOG1ST 


IjvA.Boffv 


CTTT' 


WENDELL'S  MOTTLED  BIGARREAU. 


Size — Large,  usually  an  inch  in  its  transverse  diameter. 

Form — Obtuse  heart  shape,  uniformly  regular  with  a  distinct  and  well  marked 
suture  extending  half  way  around  the  fruit. 

Skin — Rich  dark  purplish  red,  beautifully  mottled  with  small  points  and  streaks 
of  a  darker  hue,  which  become  quite  indistinct  when  the  fruit  is  fully  ripe, 
the  color  then  becoming  nearly  black. 

Stem — About  an  inch  and  a  half  long,  rather  stout,  and  set  in  a  round  depression 
of  moderate  depth. 

Seed—  Small. 

Flesh — Deep  crimson,  firm,  crisp  though  not  tough,  and  well  supplied  with  a  rich 
delicious  juice. 

Flavor — Rich,  saccharine,  and  very  agreeable. 

Maturity — At  Albany  from  the  7th  to  15th  of  July,  about  the  time  of  Downer's 
late  red. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

This  new,  rich  and  beautiful  native  Cherry,  originated  from  a  seed  of  the 
Graffion  or  yellow  Spanish,  planted  by  Dr.  Herman  Wendell,  of  Albany,  at  his 
place  near  that  city,  in  the  Spring  of  1840.  It  bids  fair  to  take  a  high  rank 
among  the  lovers  of  this  favorite  fruit.  At  the  show  of  the  Albany  and  Rensel- 
laer  Horticultural  Society  in  1849,  it  took  the  premium  as  the  best  variety  exhi- 
bited, though  it  had  to  compete  with  the  Black  Tartarean,  Graffion,  Holland  Bigar- 
reau,  Elton  and  others  of  merit,  which  were  shown  at  the  same  time. 

For  the  Pomological  description  of  this  fine  Cherry,  we  are  indebted  to  the 
kindness  of  our  esteemed  friend,  Dr.  Wendell. 


NORTH     AMERICAN    POMOLOG-IST. 


Tram  Nature  IryA.  Hoffy 


KCEEIL 


SECKEL. 


Synonyms — Seckle,  Sickel,  Syckle,  New  York  Red  Cheek. 

Size  of  Fruit \  Longitudinal  diameter,  2T9g  inches. 

(  Transverse  diameter,  2y5g  inches. 
Form — Obovate,  often  obconic. 

Skin — Yellow  russet,  with  frequently  a  mottled  red  cheek. 
Stem — T9g  inch  long,  £  thick,  inserted  usually  in  a  small  depression. 
Calyx — Small,  closed,  set  in  a  small  shallow  basin. 
Core — Medium. 

Seed — Dark  brown,  I  inches  long,  i3g  wide,  i  thick. 
Flesh — Yellowish  white,  fine  texture,  buttery,  melting. 
Flavor — Rich,  luscious,  saccharine,  highly  perfumed. 
Quality—"  Best." 
Maturity — Middle  of  September. 

Leaf—  l|g  inches  wide,  3£  long,  including  petiole,  which  is  §  inch  by  A  thick. 
Wood — Young  shoots  olive,  stout,  short. 
Growth — Moderate,  forming  a  rounded  symmetrical  head. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Seckel  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.     The  Horticulturist  for  January, 
1849,  contains  the  following  description  of  the  original  tree  in  1848  : 

u  This  venerable  tree  stands  in  a  meadow  in  Passyunk  Township,  less  than  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  Delaware  river,  opposite  to  League  Island,  not  more 
than  half  a  mile  from  the  mouth  of  the  Schuylkill,  and  about  three  and  a  half 
miles  from  the  City  of  Philadelphia.  The  property  on  which  it  stands  is  a 
portion  of  the  Girard  Estate,  and  now  belongs  to  the  city.  It  is  one  of  the 
largest  Seckel  Pear  trees  I  have  ever  seen,  measuring  more  than  six  feet  in 
circumference  one  foot  above  the  ground,  and  four  feet  nine  inches  in  circum- 
ference five  feet  higher  up.  It  is  about  thirty  feet  high.  The  head  of  the  tree 
has  the  usual  rounded  appearance  so  characteristic  of  this  variety,  and  is  in  good 
condition.  The  trunk  to  the  height  of  six  feet,  is  very  much  decayed  on  its 
south-western  side.  The  bark  half  way  round  the  trunk  is  entirely  gone,  together 
with  a  great  portion  of  the  wood  itself,  leaving  a  large  hollow  in  the  tree.  Such 
being  the  decayed  condition  of  the  trunk,  it  is  greatly  to  be  feared  that  the  tree 
will  not  be  able  to  stand  the  blasts  of  many  more  winters.  No  artificial  support 
having  been  afforded  to  enable  it  to  resist  the  dreaded  effects  of  the  stormy  winds, 
nature  herself  is  making  an  effort  to  provide  for  the  anticipated  disaster,  by 
throwing  up  shoots  from  the  trunk  an  inch  or  two  above  the  surface  of  the  earth. 
But  the  tree  stands  on  grazing  ground,  and  unless  protected  by  an  enclosure,  the 
effort  will  prove  a  vain  one." 

The  proper  authorities  having  had  their  attention  called  to  the  exposed  condition 
of  this  tree  by  the  writer  of  the  above,  have  caused  the  necessary  protection  to  be 
given  to  it.  This  tree  must  be  more  than  one  hundred  years  old,  as  fruit  from  it 
was  eaten  by  the  late  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  White,  between  eighty  and  ninety  years  ago. 


NORTH     AMERICAN  .POMOLOGIST. 


From  Nature  ly  AHoffy. 


WA« 


ELIZA  PEACH 


Size — Large. 

Form — Round,  terminating  in  a  nipple. 

Skin — Yellow,  with  a  mottled  red  cheek. 

Flesh — Yellow,  red  at  the  stone. 

Flavor — Very  fine. 

Maturity — Last  of  September. 

Stone — Not  adhering. 

Leaf- — Large,  with  reniform  glands. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

This  Peach  was  raised  on  the  premises  of  Mr.  Gerard  Schmitz,  South  Fifth 
Street,  in  the  District  of  Southwark.  It  received  the  premium  offered  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society  for  the  best  Seedling  Peach  exhibited  in 

1849. 


NORTH    AMERICAN    POMPOLOGIST 


Trom Nature  oy  A  .Ho  fly. 


)IL 


COL.    WILDER  RASPBERRY 


Size — Large. 

Form — Roundish,  semi-transparent,  varnished,  prominent  pips. 

Color — Yellowish  white  or  a  delicate  cream  color. 

Flavor — Very  fine. 

Maturity — June. 

Leaf- — Much  crimped. 

Stalk — With  white  spines. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

This  variety  originated  from  a  seed  of  the  Fastolf,  planted  in  the  Spring  of 
1346.  It  was  named  in  honor  of  my  highly  valued  and  distinguished  friend,  the 
late  President  of  the  Massachusetts  Horticultural  Society.  It  fruited  in  1847, 
the  year  after  the  seed  had  been  planted.  The  Col.  Wilder  is  one  of  the  finest 
flavored  Raspberries,  arid  a  most  profuse  bearer.  Its  semi-transparent,  glazed  and 
prominent  pips,  render  its  appearance  peculiarly  beautiful  and  attractive.  Many 
seedlings  have  been  raised  from  this  variety,  some  bearing  fruit  similar  in  every 
respect  to  that  of  the  parent,  others  fruit  of  a  yellow  color,  not  unlike  the  yellow 
Antwerp  and  many  crimson  fruit. 


NORTH     AMERICAN    POMOLOG-1ST 


From  Nt-fcirre  Ijr  A.Hoffy. 


MD1MEMM  WAI 


MOTAMENSING. 


Size — Fall  medium. 

Form — Round  obovate,  somewhat  irregular. 

Skin — Lemon  yellow,  with  occasionally  blotches  and  lines  of  russet. 

Stem — Variable,  usually  about  an  inch  long,  fleshy. 

Calyx — Rather  small,  set  in  a  furrowed  basin. 

Flesh — Buttery,  melting. 

Flavor — Very  pleasant. 

Maturity — August. 

Leaf — Medium  size,  petioles  rather  long. 

Wood — Yellowish  brown,  with  numerous  white  dots. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

This  fine  Summer  Pear  originated  in  the  garden  of  the  late  J.  B.  Smith,  Esq., 
of  Philadelphia.  His  residence  being  in  the  District  of  Moyamensing,  induced 
the  Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society  in  1845  to  name  it  Smith's  Moyamensing. 
The  original  tree  is  seventy  or  eighty  years  old,  and  has  always  been  a  constant 
and  uniform  bearer. 


Trom  Nature  iy  A.Huf  fy 


CLEAVINGER. 


Synonyms — None . 

(Longitudinal  diameter,  2&  to  2i  inches. 
Size  of  Fruit — Large.  -< 

(Transverse  diameter,  11  to  2  inches. 

Form — Oval,  sometimes  obovate,  with  a  wide  superficial  suture,  extending  from 

the  base  to  the  apex. 

Skin — Dark  purple,  densely  covered  with  bloom,  which  imparts  to  it  a  blue  color. 
Stem — &  inch  long,  i  thick,  inserted  in  a  narrow  depression,  in  which  is  a  fleshy 

ring. 
Stone — Rough,   unadherent,  perforate  like  that  of  the    Moorpark   Apricot,     li 

inches  long,  jg  wide,  T7g  thick. 
Flesh — Yellowish,  parting  freely  from  the  stone. 
Flavor — Mild  and  pleasant. 
Quality — "  Good  at  least,  if  not  very  good." 
Maturity — Middle  of  August. 
Leaf- — Dark  green,  under  surface  glaneous,  serrate-crenate,  3  inches  wide,  41  long, 

including  petiole,  which  is  I  inches  long,  is  thick,  and  grooved. 
Wood — Young  shoots  cinereous. 
Growth — Vigorous. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Cleavinger  Plum  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  It  originated  in  Phila- 
delphia with  Mr.  Fernsler,  from  the  stone  of  an  unnamed  Seedling  variety,  and 
was  brought  into  notice  by  Mr.  Wm.  S.  Cleavinger  of  West  Philadelphia. 


NORTH     AMERICAN  .  POMOLOGI  ST. 


From.  Nature  ly  AHoffy. 


IPEAJR 


DIX. 


Synonyms — None. 

Size  of  Fruit— From  3  to  31  inches  by  2  J  to  21. 

Form — Long,  obovate,  pyriform,  one  side  usually  larger  than  the  other. 

Skin — Yellowish  green,  becoming  deep  yellow,  some  times  a  brown  cheek,  densely 

covered  with  large  russet  dots,  giving  to  the  exterior  a  rough  appearance. 
Stalk — Cinnamon  color,  from  £  to  H  inches  long,  and  from  12  to  &  thick,  stouter 

at  each  end,  inserted  rather  obliquely  in  a  small  irregular  cavity,  with 

sometimes  a  small  prominence  on  one  side. 

Calyx — Below  medium,  segments  closed,  set  in  a  small  very  superficial  basin. 
Core — Rather  large. 

Seed — Small,  chestnut  color,  I  long,  T3s  wide,  &  thick. 
Flesh — Somewhat  granular  especially  around  the  core,  juice  abundant. 
Flavor — Rich,  vinous,  sprightly,  with  a  delicate  perfume. 
Quality—"  Best." 

Maturity — October  and  November. 
Leaf- — Oval,  acuminate,  slightly  serrate,  II  to  II  inches  wide,  by  3  i  to  4  i  long, 

including  petiole,  which  is  from  li  to  2i  inches  long  by  TG  thick. 
Wood — Young  shoots,  yellowish,  slender,  sometimes  thorny.     Old — olive  brown. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Dix  Pear  is  a  native  of  Massachusetts.  It  originated  in  the  garden  of 
the  late  Dr.  Dix,  Washington  Street,  Boston,  but  did  not  come  into  bearing  till 
after  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1809.  In  1825  it  fruited  for  the  first  time. 

The  tree  is  often  ten  or  fifteen  years  in  coming  into  bearing,  but  is  then  a 
certain  and  abundant  bearer. 

It  is  one  of  the  varieties  of  pears  that  does  not  succeed  wrell  on  the  quince, 
unless  double  worked.  Mr.  P.  Barry  has  obtained  a  fine  crop  in  two  years  by 
working  it  on  the  jargonelle  or  quince. 

I.  P.  Gushing,  Esq.,  of  Watertowri,  from  whom  we  received  beautiful  speci- 
mens of  the  fruit,  regards  it  as  one  of  the  best  of  pears. 


NORTH      AMERICAN    POMOLOGiST. 


•Vom  Nat-ure  iy  A.Hoffy. 


t 


GUSHING  RASPBERRY. 


Size — Rather  large. 

Form — Roundish,  conical. 

Color — Crimson. 

Flavor — Fine  and  sprightly. 

Maturity — June  and  sometimes  October. 

Leaf — Much  plaited,  and  regular  in  form. 

Stalk — With  brown  spines. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

This  new  Raspberry  was  named  in  honor  of  I.  P.  Gushing,  Esq.,  of  Water- 
town,  Mass.  It  was  produced  from  a  seed  of  the  new  double  bearing,  which  had 
been  imported  by  Mr.  Robert  Buist,  of  this  city.  The  seed  was  planted,  June 
27th,  1843,  and  vegetated  in  the  Spring  of  the  following  year.  It  fruited  for  the 
first  time  in  the  Autumn  of  1845,  only  one  berry  however  matured  at  that  time, 
in  consequence  of  the  accession  of  cold  weather.  Besides  fruiting  in  the  summer, 
it  invariably  makes  an  effort  to  produce  a  second  crop  in  October ;  and  not  unfre- 
quently  the  effort  proves  successful.  The  October  crop  is  always  produced  on  the 
wood  grown  the  same  season,  and  not  on  that  of  the  preceding  year.  In  1850 
the  second  crop  commenced  on  the  20th  of  October,  and  in  November  following  a 
branch  with  ripe  fruit  on  it,  was  cut  off,  and  exhibited  at  the  meeting  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society. 


NORTH     AMERICAN    POMOLOGIST. 


EM  EKCdDT 


HEATHCOT. 


Synonym* — Gore's  Heathcot. 

— Medium.  2T9g  inches  long,  2  T«  inches  wide. 
Form — Obovate. 

Skin — Greenish  yellow,  with  a  few  russet  dots  and  streaks. 
Stem — Rather  long,  and   somewhat   stout,  i  of  an  inch   long,  I  thick,  curved, 

inserted  in  a  small  russeted  cavity. 
Calyx — Partially  closed,  set  in  a  shallow  basin. 
Core — Above  medium. 
Seed — Dark  brown,  long,  acuminate,  with  a  point  or  angle  at  the  obtuse  end, 

nearly  on  a  line  with  the  longitudinal  axis. 
Flesh — White,  fine  texture,  buttery. 

Flavor — Rich,  vinous  and  perfumed,  not  unlike  that  of  the  White  Doyenne. 
Quality—"  Very  good." 

Season  of  Maturity — Last  September  to  middle  of  October. 
Leaf- — Oval-acuminate,   usually  folded  and  recurved,  II  inches   wide,  4J  long, 

including  petiole,  which  is  II  inches  long,  y1*  thick. 
Wood — Young  shoots,  brownish  olive;  old,  dark  ferruginous, 
Groicth — Upright,  with  a  bushy  head. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Heathcot  Pear  originated  from  seed  planted  by  Mr.  Heathcot,  who  was 
at  the  time  a  tenant  on  the  farm  of  Governor  Gore,  in  Maltham,  Mass.  It  came 
into  bearing  in  1824,  and  is  probably  a  seedling  of  the  White  Doyenne,  which  it 
nearly  equals  in  quality.  This  variety  is  a  good  and  regular  bearer ;  when  the 
tree  came  to  maturity  it  was  introduced  to  the  notice  of  pomologists  by  the  late 
Jonathan  Winship,  Esq.,  of  Brighton.  Does  not  succeed  well  on  quince. 


(CECEiLTEM] 


CHELTENHAM. 


Synonyms — Calf  pasture. 

Size — Medium,  2J  inches  long  by  2f  broad. 

Form — Roundish. 

Skin — Profusely  striped  and  marbled  with  red  on  a  yellow  ground. 

Stem — i  of  an  inch  long  by  75  thick,  inserted  in  a  narrow  cavity. 

Calyx — Small,  closed,  set  in  a  narrow,  rather  deep  basin. 

Core — Medium. 

Seed — Brown,  small,  short,  plump,  I  of  an  inch  long,  4  wide,  &  thick. 

Flesh — Whitish  yellow,  tender,  juicy. 

Flavor — Pleasant. 

Quality—"  Good." 

Period  of  Maturity — Middle  of  September. 

Leaf — lyg  inches  wide  by  H  long,  including  petiole,  which  is  U  of  an  inch  long 

by  is  wide. 
Wood — Young  shoots  greyish  brown. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Cheltenham  Apple  originated  in  Cheltenham  Township,  Montgomery 
County,  Pa.,  in  a  field  in  which  the  calves  were  usually  pastured,  hence  the  name 
Calf  pasture,  by  which  it  is  most  commonly  known.  The  tree  has  been  in  bear- 
ing over  twenty-five  or  thirty  years.  The  handsome  appearance  of  the  fruit  adds 
much  to  its  marketable  value.  Though  not  ripe  till  September,  yet  as  early  as 
July  it  may  be  used  for  culinary  purposes. 


NORTH     AMERICAN   POMOLOGIST 


From.  Nature  Ly  A_!Toffy 


BLOODGOOD. 


Synonyms — Early  Buerre  of  some. 

(  Longitudinal  diameter  24  to  2i  inches. 
Size —  \ 

(Transverse  diameter  24  to  2i  inches. 

Form — Roundish,  obovate,  sometimes  turbinate,  usually  contracted  or  tapering 
at  the  crown. 

Skin — Yellow,  dotted  and  marbled  with  russet. 

Stalk — Cinnamon  color,  somewhat  variable  in  size,  from  £  to  1  inch  long  by 
4  to  T3g  in  thickness,  fleshy  at  its  insertion,  which  is  oblique  without 
depression. 

Calyx  —Medium,  segments  reflected,  set  in  a  shallow,  narrow,  sometimes  irre- 
gular basin. 

Core — Below  medium. 

Seed — Dark,  1%  long,  T3g  wide,  fs  thick. 

Flesh — Whiteish,  buttery  and  melting. 

Flavor — Rich,  with  a  delightful  aroma. 

Quality — u  Very  good." 

Maturity — Beginning  to  middle  of  August. 

Leaf- — Usually  flat,  oval,  terminating  abruptly  in  an  acute  point,  serratures 
crenate,  ITS  inches  wide,  and  ojl  long,  including  petiole,  which  is  lie  of 
an  inch  long  by  jg  thick. 

Wood — Young  shoots  reddish  brown,  short  jointed. 

Growth — Upright,  moderately  vigorous. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  origin  of  the  Bloodgood  Pear  is  enveloped  in  mystery.  About  the  year 
1835,  scions  of  it  were  left  at  the  nursery  of  Mr.  James  Bloodgood,  of  Flushing, 
by  a  stranger,  who  represented  it  as  a  new  variety.  Being  found  to  possess  much 
merit,  it  was  extensively  disseminated  by  Mr.  Bloodgood,  and  received  his  name. 

The  fine  variety  succeeds  well  on  the  Quince,  and  like  all  summer  Pears, 
house  ripening  is  required  to  have  it  in  the  greatest  perfection. 


NORTH     AMERICAN    POMPOLOGIST 


from  Nat  ore  iyA.Hoffy. 


PffllUDP] 


PENELOPE  PEACH. 


Synonym — Baxter's,  No.  2. 

Size — 2T5g  inches  long  by  2jS  broad. 

Form — Roundish. 

Suture — Distinct  at  the  crown  and  at  the  apex. 

Skin — Greenish  White,  slightly  stained  with  red  on  the  sunny  side. 

Cavity — Open. 

Flesh — Greenish  White,  juicy,  slightly  stained  at  the   stone,   to  which  it  does 

not  adhere. 
Stone — li  inches  long,  1  inch  wide,  and  |g  thick,  deeply  and  slightly  furrowed 

on  the  same  stone;  some  of   the  ridges  are  quite  acute,  while  most  of 

them  are  rounded. 
Flavor — Rich  and  delicious. 
Quality — "  Very  good." 
Maturity — Middle  of  September. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

This  fine  Peach  originated  with  Mr.  Isaac  Baxter,  the  well  known  Philadel- 
phia Pomologist,  and  was  named  by  him  after  one  of  his  daughters. 


•• 


NORTH     AMERICAN    POMOLOGiST. 


ntureiy  A.Hoffy. 


OJMIIA: 


COLUMBIA. 


Synonyms — Columbia  Virgalieu,  Columbia  Virgouleuse. 

C  Longitudinal  diameter  3f  inches. 
Size  of  Fruit — Large  ]  . 

(Transverse  diameter  oi  inches. 

Form — Round,  obovate,  usually  one  sided. 

Skin — Smooth,  fair,  pale  green,  becoming  lemon  yellow,  with  minute  russet  dots, 
and  sometimes  a  few  interrupted  russet  streaks. 

Stem — li  inches  long  by  4  thick,  becoming  more  stout  and  fleshy  at  its  junction 
with  the  spur  or  branch,  usually  curved,  inserted  obliquely  in  a  small  nar- 
row cavity. 

Core — Medium. 

Seed — Light  cinnamon,  acuminate,  i  inch  long  T3g  wide,  4  thick,  with  an  angle  at 
one  side  of  the  blunt  end. 

Flesh — White,  granular  near  the  core,  melting  and  buttery. 

Flavor — Rich,  saccharine,  with  an  agreeable  aroma. 

Quality — "  Very  good"  sometimes  "  best." 

Maturity — From  November  to  January. 

Leaf— It  to  II  inches  wide  by  31  to  41  long,  including  petiole,  which  is  li  to  2i 
inches  in  length  to  li  in  width. 

Wood — Young  shoots  brownish  yellow,  old  wood  grey  olive. 

Growth — Upright,  vigorous. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Columbia  Pear  is  a  native  of  West  Chester  County,  New  York.  It 
originated  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  Casser,  thirteen  miles  from  the  City  of  New  York ; 
and  was  brought  into  notice  by  Bloodgood  &  Co.,  of  Flushing,  Long  Island. 

Hon.  M.  P.  Wilder  remarks  in  the  Horticulturist,  (Vol.  1,  page  20.)  "  This 
excellent  native  variety  has  proved  with  me  a  fruit  more  uniformly  smooth,  per- 
fect in  shape,  and  free  from  the  depredations  of  insects,  than  almost  any  other 
sort."  He  esteems  it  one  of  the  five  best  winter  Pears ;  the  other  four  being 
Beurr^  d'Aremberg,  Winter  Nelis,  Glout  Morceau  and  Passe  Colmar.  It  is  an 
abundant  bearer  when  the  trees  have  arrived  at  a  mature  age. 


NORTH     AM-ERICAN    POMOLOGIST. 


Prom  NaibureiyA.Hoffy. 


REPUBLICAN  PIPPIN. 


Size — Large,  2f  to  3  inches  long,  by  31  to  4  inches  in  width. 

Form — Oblate. 

Skin — Striped  with  red  on  a  mottled  reddish  ground,  and  when  not  exposed  to 

the  sun,  of  a  greenish  yellow  with  a  few  large  gray  dots. 
Stem — About  an    inch   long,  slender  for  so  large  a  fruit,  inserted   in  a  narrow, 

rather  deep  cavity,  which  is  sometimes  a  little  russetted,  the  russet  patch 

diverging  in  rays. 
Calyx — With  small  or  narrow  segments,  closed,   and  set  in  a  moderately  deep 

basin. 

Core — Small. 

Sued — Brown,  large,  broad,  plump. 
Flesh — Yellowish-white,  tender. 

Flavor — Pleasant  and  peculiar,  resembling  somewhat  that  of  Walnuts. 
Maturity — September,  October. 
Leaf — Broad,    dark    green,    somewhat    plaited    or   rugose,    serrate,    under    side 

glareous  with  reddish  veins. 
Wood — Dark  reddish  brown. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

A  native  of  Pennsylvania.  The  original  tree  was  discovered  in  the  woods 
near  Muncy,  Lycoming  County,  in  1796,  by  George  Webb,  by  whom  it  was 
extensively  propagated.  The  tree  is  still  standing  in  its  original  locality,  and  in 
vigorous  health.  Scions  were  sent  to  England  in  1827,  to  J.  H.  Lewis,  Esq.,  of 
East  Farleigh,  Kent,  who  now  has  trees  of  it  bearing.  On  the  authority  of  Dr. 
Kittee,  of  Lycoming  County,  "it  is  fit  for  cooking  the  last  of  July.  For  drying 
it  cannot  be  surpassed,  cooking  to  a  fine  pulp  in  a  very  short  time.  In  the  green 
state  it  cooks  well,  and  has  a  delicious  flavor.  The  tree  grows  vigorously  on  any 
soil,  but  does  not  bear  well  on  limestone  land.  It  has  a  crop  every  year." 

This  variety  is  cultivated  to  some  extent  in  the  vicinity  of  Westchester,  in 
this  State,  where  it  sustains  its  high  character. 


NORTH     AMIRICAN   POMOLOGIST 


From  Nature  i»y  A.Hoffy. 


FREDERIKA   BREMER. 


Synonyms — Virgalieu,  erroneously. 
~.       f  j-j    .       J  Longitudinal  diameter,  3  to  31  inches. 
"  I  Transverse  diameter,  2£  to  3i  inches. 
Form — Irregularly  obovate,  often  compressed  at  the  sides,  sometimes  irregular  in 

outline,  with  slight  inequalities  on  the  surface. 
/Skin — Fair,  clear  pale  yellow,  with  some  small  russet  dots. 
Stalk — Yellow  russet,  It  inches  long  by  jsg  thick,  sometimes  with  fleshy  rings  at 

its  insertion,  usually  inserted  with  little  or  no  depression,  occasionally  in  a 

small  superficial  irregular  cavity,  slightly  russetted. 
Calyx — Medium,  closed,  some  of  the  segments  now  and  then  reflexed,  set  in  a 

rather  shallow,  irregular  basin. 
Core — Medium. 
Seed — Very  dark,  slight  pointed  at  the  anterior  of  the  blunt  extremity,  t  inch 

long,  T3s  wide,  i  thick. 
Flesh — Fine  texture,  buttery,  melting. 
Flavor — Eich  and  vinous. 
Quality— "Best." 
Maturity — October. 
Leaf—  Serratures  acute,  1?  inches  wide  by  3  to  3J  long,  inclusive  of  petiole,  which 

is  from  £  to  1  inch  long  by  TB  thick. 
Wood — Young  shoots  brownish  olive. 
Growth — Moderate. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Frederika  Bremer  Pear  originated  in  the  State  of  New  York,  and  was 
brought  into  notice  by  J.  C.  Hastings,  Esq.,  of  Clinton,  Oneida  County.  In  regard 
to  its  history,  the  following  information  was  communicated  to  me  in  a  letter  from 
him  in  1849: — "I  have  no  doubt  of  its  being  a  seedling;  it  having  originated 
near  me  from  seed  brought  from  Connecticut  about  40  years  since;  and  I  think  it 
but  little  known  in  this  vicinity,  except  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  of  the 
original  tree.  My  attention  was  first  called  to  the  Pear  by  seeing  it  offered  for 
sale  as  the  Virgalieu,  a  name  which  has  been  in  common  use  for  all  Pears  (from 
ordinary  to  good)  in  this  region,  until  within  a  few  years  past.  As  I  was  about 
sending  it  to  the  Exhibition,  I  happened  to  say  something  about  giving  it  a  name, 
and  a  lady  present  immediately  suggested  the  name  of  Erederika  Bremer,  one  so 
much  in  accordance  with  my  own  feelings,  that  I  did  not  hesitate  to  adopt  it." 

In  a  subsequent  letter  he  adds :  "I  have  known  this  Pear  five  or  six  years, 
and  have  been  surprised  to  see  it  so  uniformly,  from  year  to  year,  well  filled  with 
fruit,  always  fair  and  of  good  size.  Indeed,  I  know  of  no  Pear  that  promises  so 
well  with  us,  except  perhaps  the  Bartlett. 

The  first  descriptions  of  this  excellent  variety  were  published  in  Hovey's 
Magazine  for  January,  1850,  and  the  Horticulturist  for  March,  1850. 

When  the  fruit  has  attained  its  complete  maturity,  it  cannot  ordinarily  be  kept 
long,  as  it  is  liable  speedily  to  decay  at  the  core,  while  presenting  a  fair  exterior. 


NORTH     AMERICAN!    POMOLOG-iST. 


3rom.Na.bura  "by  A.HofFy. 


JEFFEMES. 


Synonyms — 

f  Longitudinal  diameter,  2i  inches. 
Size  of  Fruit — Medium.  -I 

(  Transverse  diameter,  3  inches. 

Form — Roundish,  oblate,  inclining  to  conic. 

Skin — With  light  and  dark  crimson  on  a  yellow  ground. 

Stem — i  to  \  inch  long,  slender,  inserted  in  a  deep  open,  slightly  russeted  cavity. 

Calyx — Medium,  segments  woolly,  nearly  closed,  set  in  a  deep  basin. 

Core — Medium. 

Seed — Dark  brown,  roundish,  rather  large. 

Flesh — Yellowish  white,  tender,  juicy. 

Flavor — Very  pleasant. 

Quality—"  Best." 

Maturity — September. 

Leaf- — 3i  by  II,  including  petiole,  which  is  I  by  is. 

Wood — Young  shoots  greenish  brown,  buds  mealy. 

Growth — Moderate,  upright. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Jefferies  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  originated  on  the  premises  of 
Mr.  Isaac  Jefferies,  Newlin  Township,  Chester  County.  It  is  a  constant  and 
abundant  bearer. 

The  premium  offered  by  the  Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society  for  the  best 
seedling  apple  exhibited  in  1848,  was  awarded  to  this  variety,  which  was  named 
by  the  Committee,  the  "  Jefferies,"  after  the  originator. 


NORTH    AMERICAN    POMPOLOGrlST 


Trom  "Nakurf  ly  A.  Hof cy 


WILMINGTON   CHESTNUT. 


Synonyms — 

Size  of  Nut — is  inches  long,  li  wide,  I  thick. 

Form — Very  similar  to  that  of  the  common  American  Chestnut. 

Skin — Of  the  ordinary  chestnut  color. 

flavor — Scarcely  inferior  to  the  American,  but  rather  coarser  in  texture. 

Quality — "  Very  good." 

Maturity — Last  of  September  and  beginning  of  October. 

Leaf — Large,  deeply  serrated,  21  inches  wide,  and  7  long,  including  petiole,  which 

is  I  inch  long  by  i  thick. 

Wood — Young  shoots,  reddish  brown,  with  many  grey  dots,  old,  greenish  brown. 
Bud — Short,  round,  full. 
Growth — Very  vigorous. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Wilmington  Chestnut  originated  near  Wilmington,  Delaware,  more  than 
40  years  ago,  from  a  nut  of  the  Spanish  variety,  planted  by  my  late  father,  Dr. 
John  Brinckl£.  It  usually  reproduces  itself  from  seed,  and  is  a  rapid  and 
vigorous  grower,  hardy,  and  a  uniform  and  most  abundant  bearer.  These 
qualities,  combined  with  its  large  size,  render  it  eminently  worthy  of  more 
extensive  cultivation.  In  market  it  commands  two  or  three  times  the  price 
of  the  ordinary  American  Chestnut. 


NORTH     AMERICAN    POMOLOG-iST. 


FromTTaboreiry  A.Hoffv. 


DTT  PEA: 


OTT. 


Synonyms — Ott's  Seedling. 

f  Longitudinal  diameter,  2  to  2i  inches. 
Size  of  Fruit — Rather  small.  -< 

(  Transverse  diameter,  H  to  2i  inches. 

In  1859  this  Pear  was  grown  at  Grovehill,  measuring  21  by  2i  inches. 
Form — Roundish,  obovate,  sometimes  inclining  to  turbinate,  and  usually  flattened 

at  the  crown. 
Skin — Greenish  yellow,  considerably  russeted,  often  stained  and  marbled  with  red 

on  the  exposed  side,  especially  towards  the  crown. 
Stem — Cinnamon  color,  II  inches  long,  J  thick,  usually  curved,  and  inserted  with 

little  or  no  depression. 

Calyx — Rather  large,  segments  reflexed,  set  in  a  shallow  basin. 
Core — Small. 
Seed — Black,  T5s  inch  long,  T3g  wide,  i  thick,  with  a  prominent  point  or  angle  on 

the  inner  side  of  the  blunt  end. 

Flesh — Whitish  yellow,  somewhat  granular,  buttery,  melting. 
Flavor — Rich  and  saccharine,  with  an  aroma  very  similar  to  that  of  its  parent, 

the  Seckel. 
Quality— "Best." 
Period  of  Maturity — August. 
Leaf- — Flat,  li  to  2i  inches  wide,  3i  to  4i  long,  including  the  petiole,  which  is 

from  f  to  2  inches  long,  by  ie  thick. 
Wood — Young  shoots,  olive — old  wood,  ferruginous. 
Growth — Rather  vigorous. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Ott  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  It  originated  with  the  late  Mr. 
Samuel  Ott,  of  Lower  Merion  Township,  Montgomery  County,  from  a  seed  of  the 
Seckel  planted  in  1836.  The  Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society  awarded  to  this 
variety  the  premium  offered  for  the  best  Seedling  Pear  exhibited  in  1848,  and 
gave  to  it  its  present  name.  It  is  not  surpassed  in  quality  by  any  summer  pear 
we  have.  The  first  description  of  the  Ott  was  published  in  the  third  volume  of 
the  Horticulturist. 


NORTH     AMERICAN    POMOLOGIST. 


Tr  out  Ufl  t,ure  ty  A. Ho££y 


JANE  KA(CH 


JANE. 


Synonyms — Baxter's,  No.  1. 

Size — Full  medium,  2i  to  3J  inches  long  by  21  to  31  wide. 

Form — Roundish,  oblate. 

Skin — Greenish  yellowish  white,  with  an  unprepossessing  dull  green  appearance 

on  the  shaded  portion,  and  faintly  stained  with  red  on  the  exposed  side. 
Suture — Narrow,  superficial,  extending  beyond  the  apex. 
Cavity — Open . 
Apex — Rounded. 

Stone — If  inches  long,  Ik  wide,  jl  thick,  deeply  furrowed  with  rounded  ridges. 
Fleeh — Greenish  white,  stained   at   the   stone,  from  which   it   freely  separates, 

very  juicy. 

Flavor — Rich  and  saccharine. 
Quality — "Very  good." 
Maturity — Middle  of  September. 
Leaf- — 4i   inches   long,   li   wide;   petiole    TSS    inches   long,   A   thick;    serratures 

crevate. 

Glands — Globose. 
Wood — Young  shoots  green    on   the   shaded   side,  reddish   on   that   exposed  to 

the  sun. 

\ 

Growth — Vigorous. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

This  variety  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  having  originated  a  few  years  ago 
with  Mr.  Isaac  Baxter,  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  been  repeatedly  exhibited  at 
the  meetings  of  the  Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society.  At  the  meeting  of  the 
American  Pomological  Society  at  Philadelphia,  in  September,  1852,  it  was  tested 
by  the  Native  Fruit  Committee,  and  decided  to  be  in  quality  "  very  good."  The 
sunny  side  is  figured  in  the  plate,  the  other  is  less  inviting,  but  this  blemish  in  its 
exterior  appearance  is  fully  compensated  by  its  superior  excellency.  It  is  also 
an  abundant  bearer. 


NORTH     AMERICAN     POMCXLOG-I  ST. 


From  :*  attire  By  A  Hoffy. 


"EAR 

_J_A-OxLLUy 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


Size — Above  medium. 

Form — Short,  obovate. 

Skin — Brownish  russet  on  yellowish  ground. 

Stem — li  long,  yoth  in  width,  inserted  in  a  slight  depression. 

Calyx — Small  set  in  a  shallow  basin. 

Flesh — Rather  course,  half  melting, 

Flavor — Highly  perfumed. 

Maturity — Beginning  of  September. 

Wood — Young  wood,  reddish  brown. 

Tree — Vigorous,  diverging. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Pennsylvania  Pear  originated  some  fifty  or  sixty  years  ago,  in  the 
garden  of  the  late  John  B.  Smith,  in  the  district  of  Moyamensing.  The  name 
was  given  to  it  by  the  Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society.  The  original  tree, 
of  large  size,  is  still  remaining  on  the  premises  in  Christian  Street,  and  is  within 
twenty  or  thirty  feet  of  the  Moyamensing  Pear.  In  some  parts  of  Ohio,  another 
Pear  is  cultivated  under  this  name. 


MORTH     AMERICAN    POMOLOGIS 


ORANGE   RASPBERRY. 


Synonyms — None. 

Size — Large. 

Form — Ovate,  sometimes  conical. 

Color — Orange,  hence  the  name. 

Flavor — Delicious. 

Quality—"  Best." 

Period  of  Maturity — Middle  of  June  to  middle  of  July. 

Leaf — Rugose,  shorter  and  more  obtuse  than  the  Gushing. 

Cane — White  prickles. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Orange  Raspberry  it  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  It  originated  with  the 
editor  of  the  North  American  Pomologist,  from  a  seed  of  Dyark's  Seedling,  a  large 
English  crimson  variety,  imported  by  Mr.  Robert  Buist,  of  Philadelphia.  The 
seed  was  planted  July  13th,  1843,  vegetated  in  the  Spring  of  1844,  fruited  in 
1845,  and  described  in  the  Horticulturist  for  October,  1846. 

The  color  of  the  fruit  is  altogether  unique,  being  neither  red  nor  yellow,  but 
consists  of  a  most  complete  and  intimate  blending  of  the  two,  differing  in  this 
respect  from  all  other  varieties. 

The  Orange  Raspberry  generally  reproduces  itself  from  seed.  Occasionally, 
however,  a  seedling  from  it  is  observed  with  circular  leaflets;  and  though  both 
sexual  organs  appear  perfect,  I  have  never  succeeded  in  obtaining  a  berry  from 
such  a  plant. 

The  usual  mode  of  propagating  the  Raspberry  by  suckers,  is  exceedingly 
slow,  and  a  long  time  is  required  to  obtain  in  this  way,  an  ample  supply  from  a 
single  plant  of  any  new  variety. 

And  yet,  by  adopting  another  mode  of  propagation,  it  is  capable  of  being 
multiplied  with  ease  and  rapidity  almost  incredible.  This  mode  consists  in  a 
division  of  the  roots  into  small  sections.  The  root  of  the  Raspberry  is  most 
abundantly  supplied  with  eyes,  visible  or  dormant.  It  may  therefore  be  cut  into 
very  minute  portions,  each  of  which  will  usually  form  a  new  plant.  The  best 
season  to  commence  the  propagation,  is  in  the  early  part  of  the  winter,  before  the 
earth  is  frozen,  or  in  the  Spring,  as  soon  as  the  frost  is  out  of  the  ground.  In  the 
former  case,  the  cuttings  after  being  planted,  must  be  placed  under  glass,  or  in  a 
room  without  fire,  and  with  a  southern  exposure,  that  the  young  plants  may  have 
the  benefit  of  the  solar  rays. 

There  is  one  variety  of  food  to  which  the  Raspberry  is  particularly  partial — 
spent  tan.  Indeed  if  it  can  obtain  a  plentiful  supply  of  this  article,  it  will 
require  with  it  no  admixture  of  earth  about  its  roots  to  make  the  plant  grow 
luxuriantly  and  fruit  abundantly. 


NORTH     AMERICAN    POMOLOGIST. 


LAWRENCE. 


Synonyms — None. 

(  Longitudinal  diameter  21  inches. 
Size  of  Fruit — Medium.    \ 

(  Transverse  diameter  21  inches. 

Form — Obovate,  flattened  at  the  crown,  obtuse. 

Skin — Greenish  yellow,  becoming  lemon,  with  many  minute  russet  dots,  and  a 
few  russet  streaks,  sometimes  a  brownish  cheek. 

Stem — Dark  chestnut,   f  inch  long,  /§  thick,  inserted  in  an  uneven  cavity,  some- 
times by  a  lip,  and  usually  at  an  inclination. 

Calyx — Medium,   partially   closed,  set   in    a   moderately  wide,   not   very   deep, 
wrinkled  basin. 

Core — Medium. 

Seed — Chestnut  color,  with  an  angle  at  the  blunt  extremity,  I  inch  long,  T3g  wide, 
£  thick. 

FlesU — Yellowish  white,  granular  near  the  core,  buttery  melting, 

Flavor — Rich,  saccharine,  with  a  delicious  aroma. 

Quality — "  Very  good." 

Maturity — November  to  January. 

Leaf — 2$  inches  wide,  3i  long,  including  petiole,  which  is  1  inch  long,  iV  thick. 

Wood — Young  shoots,  light  yellowish  brown,  rather  slender  and  thorny — old  wood, 
greyish  brown. 

Bud — Roundish  and  full. 

Growth — Moderately  vigorous. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Lawrence  is  a  native  of  New  York.  It  is  a  chance  seedling,  which 
originated  at  Flushing,  Long  Island,  and  is  supposed  to  be  a  natural  cross  between 
the  St.  Germain  and  white  Doyenne.  This  variety  was  introduced  into  notice  by 
Messrs.  Milcomb  &  King,  nurserymen  of  Flushing.  It  is  a  regular  and  abundant 
bearer. 


NORTH     AMERICAN    POMPOLOGiST 


Tr  oia^N  a.hir  e  ly  A.  Hof fy 


GORGAS. 


Synonyms — None. 

(Longitudinal  diameter.  2J  inches. 
size  oj  ±i  ruit — Kather  large.  1 

(Transverse  diameter,  21  inches. 

Form — Roundish,  with  a  small  swollen  point  at  the  apex. 
Skin — Mellowed  white,  clouded  and  blotched  with  red  on  the  exposed  surface, 

dull  greenish  white  on  the  shaded  parts. 
Suture — Indistinct. 

Stem — Inserted  in  a  deep,  wide  cavity. 

Stone — Dark  brownish  yellow,  Iy7g  inches  long,  1  wide,  I  thick. 
Flesh — Whitish,  slightly  stained  at  the  stone,  juicy,  non-adherent  to  the  stone. 
Flavor — Saccharine  and  exceedingly  luscious. 
Quality— "Rest" 

Maturity — About  the  20th  of  September. 
Leaf — Large,  about  2  inches  wide,  7i  long,  including  the  petiole,  which  is  T5g  long, 

i  thick,  without  glands,  deeply  serrate,  folded,  crimped  along  the  mid-rib. 
Blossom — Small. 

Wood — Young,  brownish-red  on  the  sunny  side. 
Growth — Vigorous. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Gorgas  Peach  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  It  originated  with  Benjamin 
Gullis,  Pine  Street  above  Broad,  Philadelphia,  from  a  stone  of  the  Morris  White, 
planted  in  the  autumn  of  1846.  This  variety  fruited  for  the  first  time  in  1850. 
In  1851,  specimens  of  the  fruit  were  exhibited  at  the  Annual  Exhibition  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Horticultural  Society. 


NORTH     AMERICAN    POMOLOG-1ST. 


From  Nature  ty  A.Hcffy. 


GENERAL   HAND. 


Synonyms — Miller. 

CY.        -  _     .        (  Longitudinal  diameter,  2i8B  inches. 

'  |  Transverse  diameter,  21  inches. 
.Form — Roundish-oblong  or  truncated,  oval. 
Skin — Greenish  yellow,  broadly  striped  and  marbled  longitudinally  with  yellowish 

green,  suture  distinct,  extending  beyond  the  apex. 

Stalk — £  inch  long  73  thick,  often  curved,  inserted  in  a  wide  shallow  cavity. 
Stone — 1  inch  long,  I  wide,  2  thick,  rough,  minute  excavations,  deep  groove  from 

base  to  apex  on  one  edge,  free,  sometimes  partially  adherent  at  the  edges. 
Flesli — Yellowish,  somewhat  coarse,  moderately  juicy. 
Flavor — Mild  and  pleasant. 
Quality—"  Good." 
Maturity — Last  of  August. 
Leaf— 3%  inches  wide  by  51  long. 
Wood — Young  shoots  greyish  green,  pointed  buds,  old  wood  grey  in  longitudinal 

stripes. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  General  Hand  Plum  is  believed  to  be  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  Dr.  Eli  Parry,  of  Lancaster, 
Pennsylvania,  has  published  in  the  1st  Vol.  of  the  Pennsylvania  Farm  Journal,  the  following  historical 
notice  of  this  variety.  "As  my  object  in  this  communication  is  to  endeavor  to  establish  beyond  a 
doubt,  that  the  plum  called  the  General  Hand  Plum,  first  received  that  name  in  the  County  of  Lancas- 
ter, and  not  in  Maryland.  I  called  on  Mrs.  Brien,  of  our  city,  a  daughter  of  the  late  Gen.  Edward 
Hand,  from  whom  I  learned  that  he  took  great  pains  in  collecting  and  cultivating  choice  fruit  trees. 
She  remembers  his  planting  a  number  of  small  plum  trees,  but  she  cannot  tell  where  he  got  them. 
Plums  were  very  rare  in  this  vicinity  at  that  time.  She  also  suggested  that  I  might  learn  something 
further  relative  to  the  matter,  by  calling  on  Mr.  Benedict,  an  aged  and  respectable  citizen  of  our  place, 
who  informed  rue  that  in  the  autumn  of  1791,  he  assisted  in  plastering  the  mansion  house  of  the  late 
General  Hand,  on  the  Conestogo,  about  one  mile  south-east  of  Lancaster;  and  he  remembers  that  the 
plum  trees  were  planted  before  that  time ;  but  that  they  were  still  quite  small,  and  had  not  borne  any 
fruit — he  said  that  George  Wein  procured  some  grafts  from  the  tree  on  General  Hand's  place,  and  gave 
Mr.  George  Miller,  the  present  clerk  of  the  Lancaster  market,  some  of  them.  I  called  on  Mr.  Miller 
and  he  told  me  that  in  1810  or  1811,  Mr.  George  Wein  procured  about  a  dozen  grafts  from  General 
Hand,  (who  was  always  very  liberal  to  his  neighbours  in  such  matters,)  and  gave  him  two  of  them  at 
his  request;  one,  a  young  shoot,  the  other  a  year  old  piece  with  one  lateral  bud  on  it — and  that  one 
grew,  but  threw -out  no  lateral  branches  that  season — Mr.  Wein  was  not  sp  fortunate — none  of  his  grew; 
and  the  following  spring  he  applied  to  Mr.  Miller  for  grafts,  which  he  declined,  giving  as  a  reason  the 
fact,  that  he  could  not  cut  off  any  grafts  without  spoiling  his  tree.  During  the  second  summer,  there 
had  been  some  lateral  branches  thrown  out,  and  Mr.  Miller  furnished  Mr.  Wein  with  a  few  of  them; 
but  he  was  equally  unfortunate  in  his  second  attempt  to  propagate  them.  That  summer  the  parent  tree 
died  to  the  ground,  so  that  in  1812  or  1813,  we  find  all  that  beautiful  variety  of  fruit  concentrated  in 
one  little  stulk,  grown  from  the  lateral  bud  on  one  of  the  grafts  given  to  Mr.  George  Miller  by  Mr. 
Wein.  From  that  circumstance,  they  were  for  a  time  called  the  "  Miller  Plum,"  until  Mr.  Miller  ob- 
jected to  that  name,  and  said  that  it  was  General  Hand's  Plum.  From  that  time  to  the  present  they 
have  been  so  called.  Some  years  afterwards,  Mr.  Emanuel  Carpenter  procured  some  cuttings  from  Mr. 
Miller,  and  succeeded  in  propagating  them,  and  as  he  told  me,  sent  them  to  his  brother  in  Ohio,  to  Mr. 
Sinclair,  in  Baltimore,  and  others.  Thus  it  appears  to  me  that  some  pomologists  have  improperly  given 
Baltimore  the  credit  of  the  nativity  of  this  superb  plum,  which  properly  belongs  to  Lancaster  County, 
Pennsylvania. 


NORTH     AMERICAN    POMOLOaiST 


From  Nature  tj  A  Hof  fy 


NORTHERN   SPY. 


Synonyms — The  Spy. 

J  Longitudinal  diameter,  3i  inches. 
"  (  Transverse  diameter,  3i  inches. 

Form — Roundish-conical,  sometimes  flattened,  occasionally  ribbed. 
Skin — Striped  and  mottled,  with  red  on  a  yellow  ground. 
Stalk — 1  inch  long,  4  thick,  inserted  in  deep,  generally  russetted  cavity. 
Calyx — Small,  closed,  set  in  a  deep  furrowed  basin. 
Core — Large. 

Seed — Brown,  abundant,  t  inches  long,  T3g  wide,  4  thick. 
Flesh — Yellowish-white,  fine  texture,  tender,  juicy. 
Flavor — Pleasant,  sprightly,  aromatic. 
Quality— "Best" 
Maturity — December  to  June. 

Leaf— 2%  inches  wide,  61  long,  including  petiole,  which  is  II  long  by  T'S  thick. 
Wood — Young  shoots,  reddish  with   many  white  dots,   buds  small;   old  wood, 

brownish-grey. 
Growth — Rapid,  erect. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Northern  Spy  is  a  native  of  New  York.  It  originated  in  East  Bloom- 
field,  Ontario  County,  on  the  farm  of  Oliver  Chapin,  from  seed  brought  from 
Connecticut  some  40  years  ago.  During  the  past  season  I  received  beautiful 
specimens  of  this  fine  fruit  from  Mr.  J.  J.  Thomas,  Macedon,  New  York,  and  Mr. 
James  H.  Watts,  Rochester.  The  latter  gentleman  in  his  letter  to  me  remarks : 
"The  tree  is  an  upright,  thrifty  grower,  and  forms  a  close  head,  consequently 
it  needs  thorough  trimming  to  give  the  fruit  the  benefit  of  the  sun ;  without  it,  it 
never  colors  well,  which  is  very  necessary  to  develop  the  high  flavor  of  which 
it  is  susceptible.  He  also  remarks,  that  it  does  not  put  forth  its  "foliage"  as  early 
as  other  varieties  by  a  fortnight,  thus  escaping  late  spring  frosts. 


NORTH    AMERICAN    POMOLOGIST. 


\\ 


^TTJ? 

Am, 


STYER. 


Synonyms — 

(  Longitudinal  diameter,  21  to  21  inches. 
Size  of  Fruit —  -j 

(Transverse  diameter,  21  to  2 *  inches. 

Form — Roundish. 

Skin — Green,  becoming  yellow,  with  many  russet  dots  and  markings. 

Stem — I  inch  long,  T*<J  to  i  thick,  inserted  in  a  small  shallow  cavity. 

Calyx — Almost  obsolete,  basin  narrow,  moderately  deep. 

Core — Medium. 

Seed — Very  dark  brown,  short,  rather  plump,  -,5«  inch  long,  T3s  wide,  A  thick,  slight 

prominence  or  angle  on  one  side  of  the  blunt  extremity. 
Flesh — Yellowish   white,   granular,  somewhat   gritty  at   the  core,  buttery  and 

melting. 

Flavor — Exceedingly  rich,  and  highly  perfumed. 
Quality—"  Best." 

Maturity — Beginning  of  September. 
Leaf- — Oval,  recurved,  If  inches  wide,  4i  long,  including  petiole,  which  is  II 

inches  long  by  jg  thick,  and  at  its  junction  with  the  branch,  J. 
Wood — Young  shoots,  brownish  yellow ;  old,  grey. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Styer  is  believed  to  be  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  My  attention  was 
directed  to  this  variety  by  Alexander  W.  Corson,  Esq.,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for 
specimens  of  the  fruit,  and  for  the  subjoined  information  in  regard  to  its  history. 

About  twenty  years  ago,  Mr.  Charles  Styer,  of  Whitplain  Township,  Mont- 
gomery County,  some  fifteen  miles  from  Philadelphia,  engaged  a  man  to  make  a 
fence  for  him,  Mr.  Styer  happened  at  the  time  to  say  something  about  having 
some  pear  stocks  grafted ;  on  hearing  which,  the  fence-maker  said  he  knew  where 
there  was  a  fine  kind,  and  would  bring  him  some  of  the  scions.  He  accordingly 
procured  the  scions,  and  they  were  inserted ;  but  it  was  never  known  where  he 
obtained  them,  and  he  died  without  imparting  this  information.  From  these 
grafted  trees  the  variety  has  been  propagated  to  some  extent  in  that  neighborhood. 

The  Styer  is  represented  to  be  an  abundant  bearer  of  fair  and  perfect  fruit, 
which  commands  a  high  price  in  the  market. 

Specimens  of  the  fruit  were  exhibited  at  the  meeting  of  the  American 
Pomological  Society  at  Philadelphia  in  September,  1852,  and  after  a  careful 
examination,  the  quality  was  decided  by  the  Committee  on  Native  Fruits,  to  be 
"  best," 


NORTH      AMERICAN    POMOLOGiST. 


From  Nature  ty  A.Hoffy. 


SM«E  KDITSE 


SMOKE   HOUSE. 


Synonyms  —  Millcreek,  Vandervere. 

j.  T-J     ..     Ai  -,.         f  Longitudinal  diameter,  2  i  inches. 

of  Fruit  —  Above  medium.  1 


[  Iransverse  diameter,  3t  inches. 
Form  —  Oblate. 

Skin  —  Striped  and  mottled  with  crimson,  on  a  greenish-yellow  ground. 
Stem  —  J  to  I  inches  by  TT,  curved,  inserted  in  a  rather  narrow,  not  very  deep 

cavity. 

Calyx  —  Closed,  set  in  a  wide  shallow  basin. 
Core  —  Medium  . 

Seed  —  Brown,  long,  acuminate,  f  inch  long,  i  wide,  T'O  thick. 
Flesh  —  Yellowish-white,  crisp,  juicy. 
Flavor  —  Rich,  sub-acid,  with  a  peculiar  delicate  aroma. 
Quality  —  "Very  good." 
Maturity  —  October  to  January. 
Leaf—I^  inches  wide,   3£   long,  including   the   petiole,  which  is   f   inch  long, 

T1*  thick. 

Wood  —  Young  shoots,  brown. 
Growth  —  Moderately  vigorous. 


HISTORY,  ETC. 

The  Smoke  House  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania.  It  originated  with  William 
Gibbons,  Lampeter  Township,  Lancaster  County,  and  grew  near  his  smoke-house. 
The  variety  was  brought  into  notice,  twenty  or  thirty  years  ago,  by  Mr.  Ash- 
bridge,  though  it  had  long  before  been  in  the  nursery  of  Mr.  Connard,  who 
resided  in  the  vicinity  of  its  original  locality.  It  is  probably  a  natural  Seedling 
from  the  Vandiver  of  Delaware. 


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